Despite the fact that clean energy is a new and emerging sector of the economy, it suffers from the same disproportion of men in leading positions of research and business as other technical sectors have for past generations. Women's underrepresentation in the clean energy research field represents potential ideas and innovation lost, and their underrepresentation within clean-tech investment firms and startups represents potential profitability lost. Recent McKinsey research indicates that not only are firms with at least three women among the top 15 executives more successful than those with zero women, they are also more attractive places to work in terms of recruiting.