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Reserves and Reliability

Power systems should be planned, designed and operated for high levels of reliability. Critical to the ability to provide high reliability is the availability of reserves in the power system. This page provides resources on topics related to reserves and system reliability, such as reserve requirements and capacity credits. This information can be used to understand issues and best practices and to inform regulatory and policy decisions.

Resources CESC

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Resources countries

Publication

Addressing Climate Vulnerability for Power System Resilience and Energy Security: A Focus on Hydropower Resources

This paper is intended to inform energy planners and investors about (1) how climate change can affect power generation resources,…

Sources:

USAID

Date:

1 May 2017

Publication

Alternative Approaches for Incentivizing the Frequency Responsive Reserve Ancillary Service

Frequency responsive reserve is the autonomous response of generators and demand response to deviations of system frequency, usually as a…

Sources:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Electric Power Research Institute

Date:

1 March 2012

Training Materials

American Samoa’s Solar+Storage Microgrid

The island of Ta’u in the U.S. territory of American Samoa relied heavily on diesel generation to meet its electricity…

Sources:

Clean Energy Group

Resilient Power

Date:

16 February 2017

Deployment Data

Policy Data

Publication

Tools and Websites

Backup Generators (BUGS): The Next Smart Grid Peak Resource?

This report examines consumer-owned backup generators (BUGS), which are distributed generation (DG) units used for emergency or standby applications and…

Sources:

United States National Energy Technology Laboratory

United States Department of Energy

Booz Allen Hamilton

Horizon Energy Group

Date:

1 October 2010

Publication

Boosting the Power Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: China’s Involvement (Partner Country Series)

Lack of energy access and frequent electricity shortages are major impediments to economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. The region needs…

Sources:

International Energy Agency

Date:

30 June 2016

Publication

Capacity Value of Wind Power

This paper describes a preferred method for calculating the capacity value of wind and discusses the pertinent issues surrounding it,…

Sources:

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

Date:

1 January 2011

Publication

Comparison of Capacity Credit Calculation Methods for Conventional Power Plants and Wind Power

This paper presents four definitions of capacity credit and uses an empirical study to compare them. The authors show that…

Sources:

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

Date:

1 January 2009

Publication

Determining the Capacity Value of Wind: A Survey of Methods and Implementation

This report (an update to an earlier paper) examines various methods used to estimate the capacity value of wind. It…

Sources:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Date:

1 June 2008

Publication

Ensuring a Secure, Reliable and Efficient Power System in a Changing Environment

The power system of Ireland is driving major changes that require a fundamental understanding of key challenges, including system frequency…

Sources:

EIRGRID

Date:

1 June 2011

Publication

Evaluating the Impacts of Priority Dispatch in the European Electricity Market

This paper compares the impact of the Nodal Pricing and European Market Coupling organizations on different economic agents of the…

Sources:

Energy Economics

Date:

23 December 2013

Publication

Innovation Outlook: Renewable Mini-grids

This report informs policymakers and other stakeholders in the energy sector about the technology developments in renewable mini-grids. It also…

Sources:

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

Date:

1 October 2016

Publication

Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and Solutions

This report explores renewable energy integration challenges and mitigation strategies that have been implemented in the United States and internationally…

Sources:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Date:

1 September 2013

Publication

Integrating Renewable Energy into the Electricity Grid: Case Studies Showing how System Operators are Maintaining Reliability

This report provides in-depth case studies of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas and Xcel Energy Colorado to show how…

Sources:

Advanced Energy Economy Institute

Date:

1 June 2015

Policy Data

Publication

Tools and Websites

Integration of Renewable Resources: Transmission and Operating Issues and Recommendations for Integrating Renewable Resources on the California Independent Service Operator (ISO)-Controlled Grid

This report addresses the transmission and operational impacts of interconnecting a major increase in the amount of renewable resources to…

Sources:

United States California Independent Service Operator

Date:

1 November 2007

Training Materials

ISGAN Smart Grid Project Webinar Series: Transactive Control

This recorded webinar reviews the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration project, and the development and deployment of a smart grid…

Sources:

International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN)

Global Smart Grid Federation

Clean Energy Solutions Center

Date:

10 July 2013

Publication

Large-Scale Wind Power Grid Integration

This book presents detailed solutions on the challenges of integrating and transmitting electricity generated from high power wind installations. It…

Sources:

Elsevier

Date:

1 December 2015

Publication

Tools and Websites

Modeling Utility-scale Wind Power Plants Part 2: Capacity Credit

This paper—the second in a two-part study of the overall economics of wind power plants using various modeling approaches—focuses on…

Sources:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Date:

1 March 2002

Deployment Data

Policy Data

Publication

Training Materials

NEDO Research Related to Large-scale PV-related Grid-connection Projects

This presentation by a representative of the Japanese New Energy Technology Development Department (NEDO) describes the results of various pilot…

Sources:

U.S. Department of Energy

Sandia National Laboratory

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Date:

15 January 2009