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Power System Flexibility

Flexibility refers to the ability of a power system to respond to changes in demand and supply. Variable renewable energy can increase the need for flexibility. This page provides resources that can be used to understand the need for flexibility in power systems, understand possible sources of flexibility such as demand response and load management, and inform the design of policies to improve flexibility.

Resources CESC

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Resources countries

Publication

Addressing Climate Vulnerability for Power System Resilience and Energy Security: A Focus on Hydropower Resources

This paper is intended to inform energy planners and investors about (1) how climate change can affect power generation resources,…

Sources:

USAID

Date:

1 May 2017

Training Materials

American Samoa’s Solar+Storage Microgrid

The island of Ta’u in the U.S. territory of American Samoa relied heavily on diesel generation to meet its electricity…

Sources:

Clean Energy Group

Resilient Power

Date:

16 February 2017

Publication

Comparison of Capacity Credit Calculation Methods for Conventional Power Plants and Wind Power

This paper presents four definitions of capacity credit and uses an empirical study to compare them. The authors show that…

Sources:

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

Date:

1 January 2009

Publication

Competitive Electricity Market Regulation in the United States: A Primer

The electricity system in the United States is a complex mechanism where different technologies, jurisdictions and regulatory designs interact. Today,…

Sources:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

Date:

1 December 2016

Deployment Data

Policy Data

Publication

Tools and Websites

Deployment of Demand Response as a Real-Time Resource in Organized Markets

This journal article examines the use of demand response as a dispatchable resource in real-time energy markets, and it recommends…

Sources:

The Electricity Journal

Date:

1 July 2008

Publication

Demand Response: Managing Electric Power Peak Load Shortages with Market Mechanisms

This paper focuses on demand response programs as a tool for managing peak load shortages. It emphasizes opportunities within China.…

Sources:

Regulatory Assistance Project

Date:

1 March 2015

Policy Data

Publication

Tools and Websites

Detailed Performance Analyses Results of Grid-Connected Clustered Photovoltaic (PV) Systems in Japan

This paper describes results of performance and loss analyses for grid-connected residential photovoltaic (PV) systems. The voltage of power distribution…

Sources:

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Meidensha Corporation

Kandenko

Nihon University

Date:

1 June 2005

Policy Data

Publication

Effective Mechanisms to Increase the Use of Demand-Side Resources

This report outlines and discusses regulatory, policy, market-based, and load-targeting mechanisms, which are all aimed at increasing the use of…

Sources:

Regulatory Assistance Project

Date:

1 January 2013

Publication

Electricity Storage and Renewables: Costs and Markets to 2030

Battery systems can support a wide range of services needed for the transition to a sustainable energy system, from providing…

Sources:

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

Training Materials

Flexibility Strategic Roadmap

This training course describes how relying on energy from variable renewable energy sources will require a transformation in the way…

Sources:

Leonardo Energy

Date:

29 October 2015

Publication

Flexibility Options in Electricity Systems

This authors of this report aims to comprehensively assess the spectrum of flexibility resources and options available to help enable…

Sources:

ECOFYS

Date:

10 March 2014

Publication

Flexibility Inventory for Western Resource Planners

The authors of this report developed a way to measure at a screening-level the overall flexibility of a portfolio. Their…

Sources:

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Date:

1 October 2015

Publication

Grid Flexibility and Storage Required to Achieve Very High Penetration of Variable Renewable Electricity

Using simulations performed on the ERCOT grid in Texas (United States), the paper examines changes to the electric power system…

Sources:

Energy Policy

Date:

19 January 2011

Publication

Innovation Outlook: Renewable Mini-grids

This report informs policymakers and other stakeholders in the energy sector about the technology developments in renewable mini-grids. It also…

Sources:

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)

Date:

1 October 2016

Policy Data

Publication

Tools and Websites

Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources, and Energy Storages: State-of-the-Art Report, Volume 2, Annexes

This report provides country reports (Annexes 1 through 7) for IEA Task XVII participants, including Austria, Finland, Italy, Korea, the…

Sources:

International Energy Agency

Date:

1 January 2008

Policy Data

Publication

Tools and Websites

Integration of Demand Side Management, Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy Sources, and Energy Storages: State-of-the-Art Report, Volume 1, Main Report

This International Energy Agency’s Demand-Side Management (DSM) Programme was charged with studying issues surrounding the integration of energy efficiency, distributed…

Sources:

International Energy Agency

Date:

1 January 2008

Publication

Integrating Variable Renewable Energy: Challenges and Solutions

This report explores renewable energy integration challenges and mitigation strategies that have been implemented in the United States and internationally…

Sources:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Date:

1 September 2013

Publication

Integrating Variable Renewable Energy into the Grid: Key Issues Greening the Grid

To foster sustainable, low-emission development, many countries are establishing ambitious renewable energy targets for their electricity supply. Because solar and…

Sources:

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Date:

1 May 2015